At most cancer hospitals today, medical oncologists routinely order genetic tests that help guide their treatment decisions. If the tumor has a certain DNA mutation, the patient may be a good candidate for a targeted drug therapy; if it overexpresses a series of genes, chemotherapy might work well. But down the hallway in the radiation ward, cancer patients typically get a one-size-fits-all course of radiotherapy, regardless of their genetics or those of their cancer.

A small but increasing number of radiation oncologists is hoping to change that.

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